AKI in Hospitalized Patients: A Practical Clinical Guide
- Dr. Mohammed Alkhalaf — Associated with Al-Moosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
Nephrology · Internal Medicine
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication among hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. It may result from volume depletion, sepsis, nephrotoxic medications, hemodynamic instability, obstruction, or underlying kidney disease, often with multiple contributing factors. Early recognition requires monitoring serum creatinine, urine output, fluid balance, and relevant clinical and laboratory parameters. Identifying the underlying cause and correcting reversible factors are central to management, alongside appropriate medication review and avoidance of further kidney injury. Fluid and electrolyte management should be individualized, while renal replacement therapy may be required in selected patients with severe or refractory complications. A structured approach to prevention, early detection, evaluation, and management can help reduce AKI-related complications in hospitalized patients.