T2D: A Leading Risk Factor in CKD

• Dr. Gaurav Singh — Nephrologist & Transplant Physician, ISPD Fellow at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, UK

Nephrology

Diabetes is a major driver of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with persistent hyperglycemia, hypertension, albuminuria, and vascular injury contributing to progressive loss of kidney function and increased cardiovascular risk. CKD is classified by G1–G5 eGFR categories together with albuminuria categories: A1 <30 mg/g creatinine, A2 30–300 mg/g, and A3 >300 mg/g. KDIGO and ADA recommend combining eGFR and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) for risk assessment and staging. Risk increases across the KDIGO framework from green (low) through yellow, orange, and red (very high) risk bands, with A3 albuminuria identifying substantially higher risk. For example, an eGFR of 72 mL/min/1.73 m² is G2; G2A1 indicates low risk, whereas G2A3 indicates high risk. This session will focus on early detection, risk stratification, and strategies to slow CKD progression in T2D.